Maurizio Geri Dr., George Mason University mgeri@gmu.edu, https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8083-5211 The article critically examines the process of the EU as a defence actor, its cooperation with NATO, especially in hybrid warfare, and how the EU needs a new ‘strategic responsibility’, in front of an increasing hybridization of war by Russia.Since the beginning of the European Community in the 1950s, the idea of a ‘defence union’ reemerged regularly in the history of the European continent. Since 1999, the EU has developed common defence and security policies, collaborating with NATO for decades; however, this cooperation is increasingly insufficient. Since the Russian war against Ukraine […]

Fernando Jorge Cardoso Professor, OBSERVARE at the Autonomous University of Lisbon fjcardoso@autonoma.pt, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7633-0514 José Manuel Félix Ribeiro Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Autonomous University of Lisbon jmribeiro@autonoma.pt, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6204-0647 ABSTRACT Africa cannot be looked at as a big country. The Continent is politically organised into 54 states, which are very diverse entities with different histories within and without their borders. Almost all these states are multinational – multiethnic places with different regions, and when emergency or crisis situations arise, people’s “sense of belonging” is usually in the family, in the tribe, in the language, or in the religious group, not […]

Beenish Ayub beenishorakzai12@gmail, National Defence University, Islamabad Abstract This research paper examines the relationship between ethnic conflicts in Africa and their roots in the colonial legacy and elite mobilisation, focusing on the case study of Ghana by taking into account the regions of Dagbon and Bawku as examples. It examines how the dynamics of ethnic tensions in the post-colonial age have been influenced by the colonial past of Africa, which was marked by arbitrary borders, dividing policies, and preferential treatment of particular ethnic groups. The paper also looks into how Ghana’s political elites use ethnic tensions for personal advantage, escalating […]

Ibrahim Yılmaz Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Samsun University ibrahim.yilmaz@samsun.edu.tr, ORCID Number: 0000-0002-6081-6648 ABSTRACT The election manifestos, published by political parties before a general election, provide important information about what the countries’ domestic and foreign policies might be like. In Türkiye, it might be argued that the attitudes of political parties toward foreign policy are important to voters. Political parties in Türkiye state, in general, their approach to foreign policy in their general election manifestos. The aim of this study is related to the approaches of political parties’ foreign policy perspectives. The perspectives of political parties […]

Fatmaelzahraa Nassar Department of International Relations, Sakarya University fatmaelzahraa.mahmoud@ogr.sakarya.edu.tr, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8031-1042 Ahmet Üçağaç Dr., Department of International Relations, Sakarya University aucagac@sakarya.edu.tr, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1731-2946 ABSTRACT This study investigates the interplay between sovereignty discourse and national security through an analysis of Israeli and Egyptian discourses during Israel’s control over the Philadelphi Corridor following the 2023 Gaza War. Employing critical discourse analysis, the research examines official statements and media coverage from both nations, highlighting how sovereignty is mobilised to legitimize military actions and secure strategic advantages. The findings reveal contrasting approaches. Israel framed its actions as essential to national security and counterterrorism, using symbolic […]

Haila Al-Mekaimi Professor, Department of Political Science, Kuwait University mekaimi@hotmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5906-2052 ABSTRACT The concept of energy security in the Arabian Gulf region refers to the ability to meet the energy needs of countries in the region without interruption in a way that guarantees the economic, social, and political stability of these countries. The concept of energy security in the Arabian Gulf includes several aspects: Ensuring strategic supplies. This relates to ensuring the continuous availability of oil and gas to producing and consuming countries in the region and beyond, avoiding any disturbances in the global market, and ensuring price stability. Energy […]